Emily Dickinson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Collaboration Between Architects And Artists Cultural Studies Essay

Joint effort Between Architects And Artists Cultural Studies Essay Modelers and craftsmen communicate in two unique dialects and think in various manners so what happens when they cooperate? Will a designer make a space that upgrades and uncovers the fine art structured inside it? Will designers and specialists team up in one crucial produce a craftsmanship piece-building? Could a structure be aesthetically planned and simultaneously ready to work? The response to the past inquiries will be yes. Furthermore, various quantities of structures and engineering ventures demonstrate that to be correct. Craftsmanship has become a methodology that changed the act of engineering until the end of time. It has enlarged its prospects and made it increasingly open and ready to speak with humankind and the earth. This joint effort of the two unique personalities; planners brain and specialists mind, can result with an item neither one of the ones could have accomplished alone. Its a typical and serious mix-up to isolate design from craftsmanship, particularly since that the historical backdrop of engineering itself really relates back to workmanship school. Numerous individuals have overlooked that Michael Angelo, the Italian renaissance painter and stone worker, was the person who planned the Campidoglio in Rome, thinking back to the sixteenth century. Raphael Sanzio structured the Chigi Chapel of Villa Farnesina in the sixteenth century too. What's more, Villa Farnesina itself was planned by the Italian painter Baldassare Peruzzi. The historical backdrop of engineering makes it understood to us that specialists have since quite a while ago worked with draftsmen to deliver craftsmanship for their structures. It resembles what once Dan Rice said There are three types of visual workmanship: Painting is craftsmanship to see, Sculpture is workmanship you can stroll around, and design is craftsmanship you can stroll through. Since the time the nineteenth century, during the Arts and Crafts development when the cutting edge period of engineering started, works of design began to have a few estimations of craftsmanship in them. Design got systematized in similar schools that showed painting, model and music. What's more, in the mid twentieth century when the Bauhaus and De Stijl were the prevailing styles of design the discourse among engineering and workmanship exceptionally expanded and it moved towards a genuinely community oriented and incorporated procedure. It is additionally imperative to make reference to that the Bauhaus development was the start and the principal beginning of the new present day approach we are living at this point. Subsequently craftsmanship conveys a great deal of impact in our engineering today whether you know about it or not. A few people locate the issue confounding. They begin inquiring as to why we need this coordinated effort among designers and specialists if engineering itself is a type of craftsmanship. In actuality design today is to a lesser degree a type of craftsmanship and to a greater degree a type of building. The past categorizes engineering under craftsmanship yet the present tragically doesn't. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦ It was not until the fundamentally atomized scholastics of the late twentieth century that the frustrating idea that craftsmanship and engineering are completely various callings was built up. clarified Kent Bloomer in his book The Nature of Ornament. Design and workmanship share a ton of likenesses. Draftsmen make something from nothing thus do specialists. The two of them share the capacity of moving whats on their psyches into reality. The two of them manage similar lines, shapes and structures. And furthermore the two of them manage similar components of nature; shading, light, reality. Other than that design and craftsmanship have a very related history. During elaborate, ornate and renaissance masterpieces were exceptionally impacted in engineering. Its practically difficult to track down one church in those ages where its roof wasnt indulgently painted or its windows exceedingly designed. Works by Gerrit Reitvelds in the twentieth century can be a generally excellent guide to show the likenesses among engineering and workmanship. His Schroder House is profoundly impacted by the craftsman Piet Mondrian from a similar time. The piece of lines, the game plan of structures and the deliberation in hues make the Schroder house lo ok more like an enormous figure instead of a house or a structure. Every one of these similitudes that engineering and workmanship both offer work as a solid correspondence framework between them both and they reinforce their relationship. This joint effort is only a connection between these two orders. What's more, by knowing all the likenesses they have it is likely for this relationship to be an effective one. As of late the communitarian work among draftsmen and craftsman has developed effectively. This development is critical and it shows that design is creating itself. Today, designers are progressively ready to acknowledge incorporating craftsmanship with engineering than seventy years back during the post innovation time. Decent number of associations has been set up in the point of having a really incorporated connection among design and craftsmanship. In 1991 an association called Art for Architecture was set up and it was the principal endeavor to destroy the divider that isolates engineers and specialists. Craftsmanship for Architecture turned out to be exceptionally fruitful and a great deal of their tasks became grant victors. In 2003, the Laban move focus in Deptford, London, structured by draftsmen Herzog de Meuron and craftsman Michael Craig Martin, won the Stirling Prize. Previous craftsman Edi Rama was casted a ballot World Mayor in 2004 for changing Tiranas structures into workmanship pieces that embellish the whole avenues of the city. After all the difficulty the Albanian capital was having, Rama chose to re-paint the citys structures in a wild exhibit of example and shading. That demonstration didn't just change the whole design of the city, however it additionally brought social change. The engineering of Tirana presently has become open craftsmanship that draws in a great deal of specialists and rouses them, for example, Olafur Eliasson, Liam Gillick and Dominique Gonzalez-Foerster whose work has gotten coordinated in private squares and structures and transformed them into one of a kind centerpieces. Working with specialists goes about as an eye-opener to the planners. It causes them to hone their considerations and cause them to think about their position. Specialists don't team up with engineering by basically planning a figure that can be put at the passageway of a structure or by a work of art for the lounge. Their contribution can be excessively basic and basic and be a piece of the plan of the structure itself. Bruce McLean, the precursor of another age of craftsmen, with draftsman John Lyall structured the concourse and underground station at Tottenham Hale, London. McLean was so profoundly associated with the undertaking that he assisted with thinking of the idea. I need to be required at the beginning and not similarly as an extra. clarified McLean. At Tottenham Hale concourse, McLean and Lyall planned three separate pieces: a 16m-high lit reference point (the Tower of Time), a wellspring (the Bridge of Signs) and clearing (the Path of People). The thought was to give th e individuals something enjoyable to take a gander at while sitting tight for transports or prepares. Lyall saw this task to be a fruitful joint effort among craftsmanship and design. The manner in which I feel about the best joint efforts is that we start with a bank piece of paper and work together in free structure and what results is something which neither would have thought of independently. I like craftsmen on the grounds that they have an alternate eye and perspective he clarified. McLean is currently structuring another foreshore in Bridlington with draftsman Rayner Banham. The Collaboration among engineers and craftsman doesn't need to be just to make pleasant looking structures. Modelers Faulks Perry Culley and Rech and craftsman Martin Richman thought of an extraordinary natural plan to create power! They structured the new incinerator at Tyseley, Birmingham, which consumes the misuse of family units and utilize the warmth created to produce power. Richmans inclusion in the undertaking caused a great deal of principal changes in the engineering side of the venture. He supplanted the yellow cladding with red ones and he additionally utilized the light as a basic factor in the structure. Martin acquainted the possibility of red with feature the capacity of the structure and its warmth so we changed the yellow cladding to red. He additionally presented regions of translucent and straightforward cladding to show the inner lighting. Says Perry. After his achievement of teaming up with planners Pelly and Rech, Richman is presently taking a shot at two othe r structural tasks. All the past tasks alongside numerous different ones are living verifications that the coordinated effort and cross examination among engineering and workmanship not exclusively can really occur, yet when it does it results with a gigantic fulfillment to the designers, craftsman and furthermore people in general. Engineer Perry affirmed that the individuals of Birmingham were satisfied with the result of his structure with Richman. I havent heard anything from anyplace which is negative. Its all been ideal. What's more, that is something of a first since we engineers are accustomed to getting kicked. Clarifies Perry. Thusly this coordinated effort guarantees us with increasingly current, created design that can speak with open and be reasonable in a superior manner. It is frequently contended that workmanship and engineering are absolutely unequipped for meeting one another, particularly since design manages numbers, capacity and arithmetic while craftsmanship manages minds, emotions, motivations and it doesn't have any capacity. All things considered, this very uniqueness among engineering and workmanship is really the purpose for this joint effort, since cooperation is about contrasts. In the event that design had the option to meet craftsmanship without anyone else with no cross examinations, at that point there would have been no requirement for this coordinated effort. Yet, the ongoing past of engineering instructed us that design turns out to be exceptionally dull and dormant without craftsmanship. Once, Frank Lloyd Wright said Art is the mother of engineering. Regardless of whether specialists and modelers see architectur

20 Creative Study Methods to Beat the Studying Rut

20 Creative Study Methods to Beat the Studying Rut At times you basically cant envision reading another subject for one more moment. Youve formally surrendered and decline to mind any longer. You have taken four end of the year tests as of now and are looking down the barrel of the shotgun that is going to shoot three additional finals any second. How would you progress when the idea of plunking down before a heap of books and notes makes you need to shout? How would you move past unresponsiveness to guarantee you get the score you truly need on that last or midterm test? Heres how: you get imaginative. The accompanying rundown incorporates 20 diverse innovative investigation techniques that make certain to help recuperate you of the examination blahs. Peruse Your Chapter Aloud†¦ As a Shakespearean monolog. What's more, in the event that you truly need to cause it great, to talk the Queens English. Everything sounds better in the Queens English. Attempt it: The fast earthy colored fox bounced over the sluggish pooch. Sounds better, isn't that so? Right.As in the event that you were giving a presidential location. Make certain to have the obvious half-clench hand prepared. What's more, Im sure your teacher would be glad to give you additional credit in the event that you record this location and put it on YouTube. I am practically positive I heard her idiom that yesterday.  In a New Jersey highlight. Since, when youre here, youre family. Or disaster will be imminent. Play a Game†¦ Like Jeopardy. Persuade a great companion or truly intrigued parent to offer you the responses to inquiries on your examination manage. You should give the inquiries. Sick take Potent Potables for six, Alex.Like Around the World. Recall that? In a little report gathering, one individual goes head to head against another and moves around the gathering until somebody beats the person in question. At that point, that new individual moves around the gathering responding to questions. The individual who responds to the most inquiries effectively gets a Starbucks gift voucher! Charm hoo! Draw†¦ Little pictures that speak to enter thoughts in your substance. Its simpler to recollect Maslows Hierarchy of Needs on the off chance that you draw a banana and a glass of squeezed orange close to physiological rather than simply attempting to recall the word alone. Trust me on that one.The same images again and again. Circle the primary thought in each area. Attract stars close to supporting subtleties in each area. Underline jargon words in each segment. Attract bolts from causes to impacts each segment. Youre sharpening your understanding aptitudes while gaining some new useful knowledge. Win-win.A storyboard about the section. Finding out about the ascent of FDR (Franklin D. Roosevelt)? Draw a storyboard that mirrors his initial political profession, the months prior to his initiation, and FDRs three-pronged system to get chose. Your cerebrum will effortlessly recall the arrangement of occasions much better that way in light of the fact that by and large, pictures merit a thousan d word​s. Create†¦ A short story putting yourself in the setting youre considering. Lets state youre finding out about Elizabethan England. Or then again the Civil War. Drop yourself directly into a scene and compose from first individual point of view what you see, hear, feel and need more than anything on the planet. Simply make a point to make it out alive.A sonnet identified with your theme. Learning Trig? No problem at all. The last I heard sin and cosine rhyme. Besides, not all sonnets need to rhyme. Go free section on that math. Perceive what number of those terms you can crush into some versifying pentameter.A short story following an individual that youre finding out about. In view of what youve found out about her, what does Mother Teresa do when she finds a secret in Kolkata? Fuse everything youre finding out about her into the story. Extra focuses on the off chance that you give the instructor your story for Christmas. Sing a Song†¦ To recall a rundown. Its really probably the most ideal approaches to recollect the Periodic Table of the Elements, despite the fact that theres no strong explanation you should know them cold. Except if, obviously, youre a researcher. In which case, youll be getting a test later.To get past an especially intense understanding section. On the off chance that you sing the entry, it might raise diverse expressing that can assist you with understanding words you may not be getting. Still dont get it? Attempt one of the outline strategies beneath. Compose a Summary†¦ Of the 10 key things you should totally recall from the entry on clingy notes. Keep in touch with them in your own words since theres nothing as senseless as recollecting that somebody elses thoughts when you have no clue what they mean. Sum up in a manner you can comprehend! At that point, put the clingy notes up all around your room or kitchen or restroom. Nobody else living in your home will mind. I guarantee.  Of each passage in one sentence, beginning toward the start of the part. That little synopsis of the passage is most likely theâ main thought. When you have the entirety of the primary thoughts of the passages, string them together into one minimal smaller than expected article. You will be amazed the amount more you recollect of the part when you read this way.By transforming the section headings into questions and afterward improving the square of content underneath the section headings into answers. Once more, utilize your own words when you compose the synopses. Make Flashcards†¦ On applications like Chegg, Evernote or StudyBlue. A significant number of them will let you include pics and sound, as well. Kewl.On 3X5 cards, similar to your grandma utilized. That wasnt an affront. She really utilized them. What's more, Grandma recognized what she was doing, for your data. By stirring up the sensation activity of composing with the visual on the card, your cerebrum learns the data in two unique manners. Blast! Show Someone Else†¦ Like your mother. You know how shes continually asking you what youre doing in school? Nows the opportunity to clarify what youve realized in Molecular Biology. Instruct her so she truly gets it. In the event that you cannot clarify it in a manner she can see, better hit the books again.Like the individuals in a fanciful crowd. Imagine youre remaining before a gathering of thousands who have all appeared (and paid as much as possible, coincidentally) to hear you talk about Romeo and Juliet. Clarify the subtleties of this catastrophe so anybody listening will comprehend that Benvolio was Romeos closest companion on purpose. Make certain to incorporate the Nurses job, as well.

Double Negatives Examples

Double Negatives Examples Double Negatives The term double negative is used to refer to the use of two words of negation in a single statement. These two negative elements typically cancel each other out, making the statement positive. Typically, a double negative is formed by using "not" with a verb, and also using a negative pronoun or adverb. Sometimes the speaker wants to produce a negative statement, but the effect is to produce a positive statement-the two negatives "cancel" each other. It is considered incorrect to use a double negative. However, there are some instances when a double negative may be appropriate. Examples of Double Negatives: 1. I don't want nothing. (If you don't want "nothing," you must want "something.") 2. She didn't see nothing. (If she didn't see "nothing," she must have seen "something.") 3. He is not unattractive. (This might be a time when a double negative is needed-the person doesn't want to say he is "attractive," but also doesn't want to say he's not "attractive".) 4. I did not know neither the date nor the month. (If you did not know neither of them, then you must know both of them.) 5. I am not uncaring. (This might be a time when a double negative is needed-"I" doesn't want to say that he cares, but also doesn't want to say he doesn't care. Examples of Double Negatives in Literature 1. Shakespeare's Twelfth Night uses a triple negatives in the following line: "And that no woman has nor never none Shall mistress of it be, save I alone". 2. Chaucer makes use of double negatives to describe characters, such as the Friar, in The Canterbury Tales: "There never was no man nowhere so virtuous." 3. Douglas Adams in The Hitchhikers' Guide to the Galaxy: "plastic cup filled with a liquid that was almost, but not quite, entirely unlike tea."

Marketing Analysis Brand Community - 1487 Words

A structured set of people from different geographical background with the craving for a particular brand or product is termed as brand community. In the past people were categorised by their occupation, religion, language and ethnic backgrounds, whereas at present people are distinguished by what they buy and what they are capable of buying. The market must be analysed to strategic brand management due to the dynamics of consumption, individualization as well satisfy collective identity of brand community. Ethnography no longer differentiates people who have a predilection for a brand in common. The brand communities’ exhibits shared sense of responsibility in brand building apart from the marketing strategies initially made by the†¦show more content†¦Content: The dawn of 20th century is the initiation of production of goods and services which were consumer focussed, instead of the usual trend of mass production. Due to economic growth and diversified consumerism, there arises a need for the manufacturers to give additional products of to the market for their survival while still retaining their so called â€Å"BRAND† name. Knowledge of the brand communities assists manufacturers preceding the launch of new products so as to retain the positive attitude towards the product and brand as a whole. The influence of brand has grown to the extent that even in accounting there is value allotted for intangibles like goodwill of a company, which mostly contributes to the brand name. Consumers are happy to pay more to get more sophisticated products to blend in the community than left aloof. More brand oriented groups are evident; credit goes to the social media which is prevalent and influential around the globe and contributes to the growin g consumer base of reputed brands like Apple, Microsoft, Harvey Davidson motorcycle, etc. (Stratton Northcote, 2014) Communities form around brand instead of symbol around community, imparting an implication and understanding between brand owner and consumers. The brand community also depend on symbolic construction; fantasy literatures; support for sporting teams; to indicate few of

Model Styles of Impressionism-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: How are the modern styles you studied this week descended from Impressionism? How might these styles also be seen as reactions against Impressionism? Answer: Impressionism It could be described as an art which belongs to 19th century art movement consists of small, thin, open composition, prominence on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities and inclusion of movement as crucial part of human perception and visual signs. It is an accurate depiction of light and effect of passing time. This art is also called art raised from the historical time when people were unaware of paint brush art. Modern styles descended from Impressionism Now a days, people are more inclined towards using paints, calling their creative images and their art work as painting. Modern styles is completely based on human perception and visual signs which artist used to portray their own styles through colors and arts. It is observed that painting and other dynamic animated or effectual art has strong foundation which come from the use of impressionism in work. There are several intents of impressionism such as uses of small, thin yet visible brush strokes and open composition starts from the impressionism which makes artist painting realistic and alive (Granshaw, 2015). These styles also be seen as reactions against Impressionism There are several new art and model styles of impressionism which reduce peoples likeness and wants towards old painting styles and historical art design. However, new styles of painting and arts based on 3 D effects, use of light effect and embrace the modernity in it with the later avant- grade and other arts have strong replica of impressionism in their styles (Rodriguez, 2016). References Granshaw, S. I. (2015). Imaging Technology 14302015: Old Masters to Mass Photogrammetry.The Photogrammetric Record,30(151), 255-260. Rodriguez, M. M. (2016). Draw It Out First: Early Animation as an Influence of Avant-Garde Cinema and Experimental Film.Film Matters,7(1), 19-24.

My Positive and Negative Traits Essay Example

My Positive and Negative Traits Essay To start with, one of my positive traits is being God-fearing. What I mean on this is that at all times I keep in mind that every action I do must be according to His will. Whether I do simple chores at home, or different works at school, I always make it to the point that I do all of these things with sincerity and honesty as God wants us to do. Another positive trait of mine is being family-oriented. Yes, I consider this as a positive one for I see my family as my source of motivation as I continue my path to be a successful person someday. Up to the present time, I am giving my all to finish my studies. I am now in my final year in college and hopefully sooner or later I’ll be able to get a decent job and yield my family the fruits of their hard work in providing me a better future. Then, I am a team player. One instance that can emphasize this is the time when we’re having our group project. We’re composed of different people, each with contrasting personalit ies compared to mine. What I did is I composed myself and focused on our goal, which is to finish the project. I also adapt myself and blend in to my group mates for us to have a good connection to one another. I am also a trustworthy friend. I’m the type of person that you can tell secrets to and never worry that I’ll share it to others. I have friends that I treat as my own, my best friends since high school. Until today the bond is still strong despite having our own schedules. We’re still connected, and whenever one of us has problems, the others are more than willing to lend a hand. Finally, having strong dedication and commitment to a specific goal is included in my positive traits. When I set my mind on something that I want to accomplish, I’ll do everything that I can in order to do so. For my negative traits, first thing is that sometimes I have a bad temper. This usually happens when I already had a bad day at school and then eventually I’ll be scolded We will write a custom essay sample on My Positive and Negative Traits specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on My Positive and Negative Traits specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on My Positive and Negative Traits specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Multicom Case Essay Example

Multicom Case Essay Example Multicom Case Essay Multicom Case Essay THE MULTI COM CASE Multicom is a small firm employing 150 people in the public rela-tions field. It was started by Jim Walsh, a marketing specialist, and Wendy Bridges, a public relations expert. They had worked together for several years at a medium-sized communications firm and decided to branch out on their own to realize their own ideas as to what a good PR firm could and should be. They felt that their combined expertise and extensive contacts provided an excellent base on which to do this. Before submitting their resignations at their old firm, they persuaded two colleagues, Marie Beaumont and Frank Rossi, to join them as minor-ity shareholders. Walsh and Bridges each held 40 percent of the equity in the new venture; Beaumont and Rossi were each given 10 percent. Rossi was an editor and writer with an excellent reputation, and Beaumont was a well-regarded film and video expert. At first, business was difficult, and they were glad of the corporate clients that they had taken with them from their old firm. Competition was keen, and their old firm seemed subtly to be doing everything it could to block their progress. However, they worked hard, and their reputation steadily grew along with the size of their staff and their earnings. By the end of their second year, the four partners were each earning almost double their previous salaries and building a significant capital investment as well. They felt that they were well on the way to achieving the kind of top-notch com-pany on which they had set their sights. These early years were exciting ones. When they established Multicom, the four partners adopted a client- centered mode of organization. Each partner had certain clients for whom he or she felt a special responsibility, and in effect each became a project manager for these clients. Each developed a reasonable competence in all aspects of the agencys work so that one could substitute for another when necessary. New staff were encouraged to develop the same all-around skills and capacities in addition to their specializations. While this was often time-consuming and expensive, it created great flexibility. The search for new business and continuing contacts with clients took a significant pro-portion of staff away from the office most of the time, so the existence of a number of good all arounders was a real asset. Besides that, it often made work more interesting and enjoyable and added to the general team spirit of the office. The staff at Multicom worked hard, often starting early in the morn-ing and working late at night. They also played hard, throwing regular par-ties to celebrate the completion of major projects or the acquisition of new clients. These parties helped keep morale high and project Multicoms image as an excellent and exciting place to work. The firms clients often attended these parties and were usually impressed by the vitality and qual-ity of interpersonal relations. During the companys third year, however, things began to change. The long hours and pace of life at Multicom were getting to Walsh and Bridges. Both had heavy family commitments and wanted more leisure time. They increasingly talked about the need to get more organized so that they could exercise a closer control over staff and office activities, which, in their view, at times verged on the chaotic. Beaumont and Rossi, however, both of whom were single and at thirty and thirty-one, respec-tively, almost ten years younger than the senior partners, relished the lifestyle and were keen to maintain the firms present character. They would have been happy to shoulder a greater share of the work and responsibility in return for a greater equity in the company, but Walsh and Bridges were reluctant to hand them this sort of control. As time went on, it became clear that there were important philo-sophical differences about the way the office should be run. Whereas Walsh and Bridges regarded the ad hoc style of organization that had developed during the first two years as temporary-necessary until weve sorted out our ideas as to how we want to put this organization together -Beaumont and Rossi saw it as a desirable way of doing business in the longer term. Whereas Walsh and Bridges complained about the frequent absence of staff from the office and the lack of clear systems of responsibility and office pro-tocol, Beaumont and Rossi relished what they often described as their cre-ative chaos. To them, the firm was producing excellent results, clients were happy and knocking at the door, and this was all that mattered. By the fourth year, tensions were close to the breaking point. The four principals frequently found themselves in long meetings about office organ-ization, and the differences were as deep as ever. Walsh and Bridges argued for more system, and Beaumont and Rossi argued for the status quo. The differences were straining personal relations and were having an unfavor-able impact on life in the office generally. Many staff felt that Multicom was in danger of losing its special character and was no longer quite the same fun place at which to work. All four principals sensed this change, and they talked about it fre-quently. However, there was simply no consensus as to what should be done. As a result of general frustration, they began to break an unwritten but golden rule set in the early days of Multi com: that all four would always be involved in major policy decisions. Walsh and Bridges began to meet together and resolved that the only way forward was for them to exercise their authority and to insist that a reorganization of the office be initiated. They agreed to propose this at a meeting with Beaumont and Rossi the fol-lowing day. Walsh and Bridges were surprised. The idea produced little resistance from their two colleagues. It was almost as if it was expected. Beaumont and Rossi insisted that the decision should not be taken without a lot of thought because it represented a major departure. They reiterated their view that no change in office organization was necessary other than a streamlin-ing of a few financial procedures. They were by no means happy with the proposal, but it was clear that they werent going to fight it. The following week Walsh and Bridges called a meeting of all staff to outline their plans. In operational terms, these involved a clearer definition of job responsibilities, a more formalized procedure governing the exchange of staff between projects, and a closer control over the conditions under which staff were to be away from the office during business hours. A num-ber of other office procedures were also introduced. The meeting was unique in Multicoms history in tone and nature. For weeks there was talk about a rift among the four principals and about how winds of change were blowing through the firm. Some members of the staff welcomed the greater degree of structure; others resented the new developments. Staff continued to work hard at their jobs with the profes-sionalism they knew Multicom demanded, but everyone knew that things were not quiet the same. Multicom was no longer working-or playing- the Multicom way. Walsh and Bridges, however, were well pleased. They felt a lot more secure with the way things stood and could see time ahead when they would be able to take a lot of pressure off themselves and let the office run itself within the framework they had begun to develop. Beaumont and Rossi continued to work hard as usual, and their project teams were least affected by the new developments. Within a year, however, they had left Multicom and set up a new company of their own, taking a number of key staff and clients with them. Thanks to a large number of faithful clients, Multicom continued to produce sound financial results, but it gradually lost its reputation as a leading-edge agency. It could be relied on to produce good solid work but was, in the eyes of a number of disaffected clients, â€Å"uninspiring†. Beaumont and Rossi’s new firm, Media 2000, picked up many of these clients and, adopting the new organizational style pioneered at Multicom, re-created a fun business† employing eighty people The firm quickly established itself aa a talented and innovative agency. Beaumont and Rossi take satisfaction in the firm’s reputation and financial success and look back on their days with Multicom as â€Å"a great learning experience†. In retrospect, they view their differences with Walsh and Bridges as a part of a â€Å"Lucky break† that spurred them to find an even more lucrative and satisfying work situation.

Theories of Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Theories of Crime - Essay Example For instance, contemporary criminologists make use of a ‘legalistic’ instead of a ‘normative’ description of criminal behavior. A legalistic description of criminal behavior takes as its basis the legal descriptions enclosed in the penal code. The law establishes what is criminal and what is not (Thacher, 2004, 381). Criminality involves the mechanisms of law-making, law-breaking, and acting in response toward law-breaking behaviors. These three mechanisms construct an integrated series of events. In addition, criminology is a methodical study of the biological, sociological and psychological aspects of criminal behavior (Thacher, 2004). The objective of this paper is to differentiate two of the most widely used criminology theories, sociobiology and attachment theories. The strengths and weaknesses of each of these theories will also be discussed. Biological accounts concerning criminal behavior were no longer encouraging in the early twentieth century. At this point in time, criminologist started to concentrate on sociological forces toward criminal behavior such as family background, social standing, peer group, and others (Hacking, 2006). The attempt and success of these criminologists was in fact viewed and though to be commonly illogical and unfounded empirically by the leading sociologists at the time. These particular sociologists embraced the idea referred to as ‘biophobia’, which clarified that they intentionally did not pay any attention or thought to biological aspects concerning any effort to understand human nature (Hacking, 2006). The contemporary research of sociobiology has hence reinvigorated interests in locating a foundation for criminal behavior in the biological aspect. Hence if genetics really manipulate or influence behavior, then it may also be accountable for understanding whether an individual

Evolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Evolution - Essay Example one has ever seen evolution happen, and that if it were a process in progress, evolution should still be right on course with numerous observable "transitional" forms of evidence. The arguments above are but valid in a sense for evolutionary processes in terms of changes in the genetic makeup across populations deem to have been observed in an array of scientific contexts, that include basic laboratory experiments with fruit flies, scientifically known as Drosophila melanogaster and even bacteria have never produced new types of insects. Chemically induced mutations in such organisms have only resulted in mild changes, which include, in the case of fruit flies, those with oversized to no wings, white or even purple eyes (DeBenedictis 383). The minor changes have never had significant change on the organisms, with the changes limited to variations. Even with such experiments being repeated over and over again since Darwin invented the theory, fruit flies remain fruit flies; not a single experiment has successfully changed the organism to a different species (Franklin

Impact of the Russian revolution - Ideology matters Essay Example for Free

Impact of the Russian revolution Ideology matters Essay I. BACKDROP: GERMAN IDEALISM AND RUSSIAN REVOLUTIONARIES German philosophers in the 19th century were often Idealists, that is to say that they maintained that ideas have a force, power, and reality that is more real than that concrete, reality that so consume us in our daily lives. German idealism dominated the 19th-century Russian revolutionary movement from the Decembrist Revolt of 1825 until long after Lenins successful revolutionary coup that we call the October (or Bolshevik or Communist) Revolution of 1917. While I never want to downplay the central role of raw hypocrisy in human affairs, much of what we in the United States have interpreted as hypocrisy in the Soviet Union-the dissonance between the profound humanism of Marxs ideas and the coarse violence of the Stalinist dictatorship-this hypocrisy can also be seen as the desperate attempt to coerce reality through the power of belief-through the power of the Idea. And one way to interpret the ultimate collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 was that the Soviets had lost their ability to convince themselves that the Leninist/Stalinist Idea had the power to transform reality into a better future. With the collapse of this self-justifying, central Myth that legitimized the Soviet experience, the Soviet Union died not with a bang but rather whimpered into Lev Trotskys dust bin of history. With this introduction, I would now like to offer three examples in the Russian Revolutionary experience where Ideas profoundly affected the future course of events. Only toward the end of the Twentieth Century have these effects begun to run out of steam. II. THREE EXAMPLES A. MODERATE SOCIALISM AND THE FEBRUARY REVOLUTION OF 1917 The first example involves the reaction of moderate socialists to the February Revolution in Petrograd in 1917. Moderate Socialists, including the Marxist Mensheviks in contrast to Lenins Bolsheviks, had adopted a position that Russia was not yet ready for a Socialist Revolution; reading Marxs Stages of History quite literally, they understood that the Bourgeois Revolution had to come first and had to take place under the leadership of the bourgeoisie. The working class movement thus had to be satisfied with playing the role of a party of the extreme opposition-the bourgeois revolution must come first and be developed, and the responsibility of the proletariat was to encourage this historical necessity. Real consequences flowed from this belief. When the women, workers, and soldiers of Petrograd spontaneously took to the streets in February 1917, it took only several days for them to overthrow the 300-year-old Romanov dynasty. They then handed power they had won in the streets to their moderate socialist leadership-none of whom were philosophically or psychologically ready to assume the mantle of power. Consistent with their beliefs, the socialists in turn handed power to the bourgeoisie who established the Provisional Government. Not having the complete courage of their convictions, however, the moderate socialists also established the Petrograd Soviet which basically held veto-power over the actions of the bourgeois Provisional Government. This compromise established the period of Dual Power which was inherently unstable. In retrospect, it is amazing that the Provisional Government, amidst the catastrophe of World War I, managed to hold on to power until October of 1917 when Lenins and Trotskys Bolsheviks managed a coup detat to take power. Lenin, like his Menshevik cousins, was a Marxist, but his Marxism focused less on the determinist element of Marxs Stages of History than on the ability of the individual to assert his will on history. For him, there was no need to wait patiently for the bourgeoisie to fulfill their historical duty at their own leisure; Bolshevism could force the pace. Lenins Will to Power and his belief in the power of the Idea to change reality made the difference between his success and the moderate socialists failure. B. LENINS IMPERIALISM, THE HIGHEST STAGE OF CAPITALISM The second example of the power of the Idea concerns Soviet influence on the developing world. Lenin wrote Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism in 1917, during the trials of the First World War and before the Bolshevik Revolution, to explain two crucial contradictions facing Marxists of the day. The first contradiction concerned the delayed outbreak of the promised world revolution. After all, it had already been sixty-nine years since Marx in the Communist Manifesto had proclaimed that A Specter is haunting Europe-the specter of Communism. What had gone wrong? The second failure of the Marxist promise involved the inability of the worlds proletariat to prevent war and its rejection of internationalism for nationalism. It had been a common belief among those of all political stripes from the far right to the far left, that socialist influence on the proletariat had made a major European war impossible. One of the central socialist beliefs was that wars are fought for the benefit of capitalist profits. Now, with the spread of democracy and the entry of powerful socialist parties into Europes parliaments, the capitalists could try to provoke war to their hearts delight but would find it impossible to vote war credits through parliament or to mobilize soldiers who, following their socialist leadership, would refuse to fight. These ideas evoke memories of the anti-Vietnam War poster: What if they gave a war and nobody came? Lenins ingenious answer to both questions came in his book, Imperialism: The Highest Stage of Capitalism. In it he argued that the concentration of production had transformed the capitalism of free competition into monopoly capitalism. The concentration of production also had dramatically increased the socialization of production. Big banks had changed from pure credit institutions into business banks and as such they dominated whole sectors of industry. Together the banks and industry were tied in with government. This coalescence of bank capital with industrial capital with strong government ties had led to the formation of a financial oligarchy that controlled large sections of the national economy. Share issues and state loans had increased the power and amount of surplus capital which flowed beyond political frontiers and extended the financial oligarchys control to other countries. The capital exporting monopolies had divided the world among themselves; international cartels formed the basis for international relations, and the economic division of the world provided the ground for the struggle for colonies, spheres of influence, and world domination. But once the world was divided up, the struggle had become one for the repartitioning of the world. Because the economic development of individual countries is uneven and sporadic, some were left at a disadvantage in this repartitioning. Imperialism represented a special, highest, stage of capitalism. The transition to a capitalism of this higher order was connected with an aggravation of contradictions, frictions, and conflicts. Monopolists assured profits by corrupting the upper stratum of the proletariat in the developed countries. The imperialist ideology permeated the working class. In other words, the burden of bourgeois oppression had been shifted from the shoulders of the domestic proletariat to those of the colonial peoples. In effect, the domestic proletariat had been bribed and they came to see that their material interests were tied up with colonial enterprise. Now, successful war to repartition the world in the favor of a particular nation made fighting war against fellow proletarians in other countries worthwhile. With his theory, Lenin seemingly had explained those two problems with Marx. The revolution had not yet swept the world because the potential revolutionaries, the proletariat, had been bribed by the illusion of short-term, material gains to forget their true, long-term interests. They had rejected their class-based internationalism for nationalism because wars fought to expand colonial holdings appeared to be in their material self-interest. Hence they did not prevent the outbreak of the Great War. This theory held long-term importance because Lenin, unlike Marx and Engels, did not see the revolutionary perspectives as centered uniquely upon advanced capitalist countries. After the Great War, in a period of Capitalist Encirclement the Soviets attacked the weak link in the chain of imperialism, the colonies. Political influence went to where the oppression was-the colonies. In the colonial and post-colonial world after World War II, given the absence of an entrepreneurial bourgeoisie with the will and capacity to transform existing conditions and to overcome the entrenched interests opposed to full-scale development, a gospel of competitive individualism seemed useless for modernization to those in the Third World. What appeared to be needed to get the underdeveloped country moving has been collective effort inspired by a national sense of political purpose. Only governments had sufficient capital, organizational skills, and commitment to make rapid development possible. Ideologically, therefore, the intelligentsia of such countries gravitated to one or another of the various socialist doctrines-something that in general might be described as state capitalism, that is, the state and not private individuals perform the entrepreneurial duties of gathering land, labor, and capital for productive enterprise. Socialist rhetoric disguised this crucial essence . For most of the twentieth century, Soviet Russia provided the model for those in the Third World who wished to rapidly modernize their countries. And rapid modernization was necessary for the sake of national prestige and independence. Russias success seemed obvious when we note that within forty short years Russia had risen from the ashes of World War I to defeat Hitler, to become one of the worlds two superpowers, and to be the first in space. Just as important as was this practical example was the vocabulary provided by Lenin. That Marx himself had had little to say to the underdeveloped world mattered little. I would argue that many Third World leaders, for two contentious examples Ho Chi-Minh and Fidel Castro, who led revolutions to assert national pride, independence, and prosperity, turned to Communism because Lenin had provided a vocabulary with a coherent explanation for colonial degradation and a means for asserting national regeneration. Additionally, of the major powers, the Soviet regime alone more-or-less consistently supported the aspirations of those wishing to throw off the oppression of colonialism and capitalism. Of course, today, the Communist model no longer holds the same allure it once did. C. TWO MARXIST HERESIES: LENINISM/STALINISM AND MUSSOLINIS FASCISM The final example of the power of ideas generated during World War I involves the intimate, kissing cousin-relationship between Stalinist Communism and Mussolinis Fascism. Despite facile assumptions, Fascism and Communism were not antipodes. Although their exact relationship remains difficult to define, there exist commonalties, as one author has pointed out: Fascism was the heir of a long intellectual tradition that found its origins in the ambiguous legacy left to revolutionaries in the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Fascism was, in a clear and significant sense, a Marxist heresy. It was a Marxism creatively developed to respond to the particular and specific needs of an economically retarded national community condemned, as a proletarian nation, to compete with the more advanced plutocracies of its time for space, resources, and international stature. Was this kind of self-awareness present as thinkers and politicians struggled to define these two ideologies as they co-developed earlier in this century? In fact, many did recognize that their common interests held much greater weight than did the Talmudic differences between Fascism and Communism. Arturo Labriolas Avanguardia Socialista of Milan by 1903 had become the forum for Italys Sorelian syndicalist revolutionaries, who were struggling to make Marx relevant and against reformist socialism. Such luminaries as Vilfredo Pareto and Benedetto Croce graced its pages, followed shortly by a second generation of Sorelian theoreticians, who came to dominate Italian radicalism for more than a generation. Together they constructed an alternative socialist orthodoxy, which they believed was the true heir to classical Marxism. Clearly, their ideas were no more heretical to those of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels than was Lenins Marxism. By 1904 Mussolini, then a socialist agitator in Switzerland, had begun his collaboration with Avanguardia Socialista, a relationship he maintained for the next five years. The syndicalist contributors to the journal affected the future Duces intellectual and political development. Radical syndicalists like A. O. Olivetti innovatively argued that, under retarded economic conditions, socialists must appeal to national sentiment if their ideas are to penetrate the masses. For him, both syndicalism and nationalism were dedicated to increasing production dramatically. As long as Italy remained underdeveloped, the bourgeoisie remained necessary to build the economic foundation requisite for a socialist revolution. Olivetti spoke of a national socialism, because in an underdeveloped economy, only the nation could pursue the economic development presupposed by classical Marxism. When Mussolini took over as editor of the socialist paper, Avanti!, in December 1912, he attracted anarchists and even some rigid Marxists like Angelica Balabanoff, whom he took on as his assistant editor. Paolo Orano, who served on the editorial staff of Avanti!, along with other syndicalists like Sergio Panunzio, set the tone of that socialist paper. Mussolini also founded and edited Utopia from November 1913 until December of the following year. This bi-monthly review attracted many of the most important young socialist and syndicalist theoreticians, who helped Mussolini to develop his own ideas. In the final years before the First World War, many independent national syndicalists, including Panunzio and Ottavio Dinale saw war as progressive. Helping to put together the rationale for Fascism, they supported Italys fight with the Ottomans over Libya in 1911, and, along with Mussolini, they called for Italys intervention in the First World War. Many socialists now passed into Mussolinis Fascist ranks, and syndicalists such as Panunzio, Olivetti, and Orano, became its principal ideologues. As early as October 1914, Olivetti in Pagine Libere spoke of an Italian socialism infused with national sentiment, a socialism destined to complete Italys unification, to accelerate production, and to place it among the worlds advanced nations. Over the next three years in LItalia Nostra, Olivetti spoke of the nation as uniting men of all classes in a common pursuit of historical tasks; class membership did not align an individual against the nation, but united him with the nation. Patriotism was fully compatible with the revolutionary tradition of Italian socialism. By the time of Mussolinis accession to power, Fascism had given clear evidence of its commitment to industrialization and modernization of the economy. Not only were the Futurists, Nationalists, and National Syndicalists agreed that maximizing production was the first order of business, but all also advocated urban development, the rationalization of financial institutions, the reorganization of the bureaucracy on the basis of technical competence, the abolition of traditional and nonfunctional agencies, the expansion of road, rail, waterways, and telephonic communications systems, the modernization and secular control of the educational system, and the reduction of illiteracy. What does this mean for Fascisms relationship with Soviet Russia? Mussolini by 1919 was pointing out the absolute decline in economic productivity in Russia as proving its failure to recognize its historic obligations. He suspected that the Bolsheviks ultimately had to commit themselves to national reconstruction and national defense, that is, to some form of developmental national socialism as defined by Fascisms former syndicalists. Speaking of the Bolshevik failure to comprehend their revolutionary necessities, Mussolini presciently predicted that Lenin had to appeal to bourgeois expertise to repair Russias ravaged economy. Bolshevism, he said, must domesticate and mobilize labor to the task of intensive development, something which could have been anticipated, because Marxism had made it quite clear that socialism could be built only upon a mature economic base. Russia, not having yet completed the capitalist stage of economic development, met none of the material preconditions f or a classic Marxist revolution. Russia was no more ripe than was Italy for socialism. Lenin, in the practical working out of his revolutionary government, did run headlong into many of these conundrums predicted by the syndicalists. In the months following his takeover, he had expected that the revolution in Germany would bail Soviet Russia out of its difficulties. Thus, while the first Fascists were organizing for a national revolution, the bolsheviks were still dreaming of an international insurrection. Lenin, changing horses, in 1921 proposed the New Economic Policy to replace the ideologically purer but failed War Communism. Like Fascists, Lenin now spoke of holding the entire fabric of society together with a single iron will, and he began to see the withering away of the state as a long way away: We need the state, we need coercion-certainly a Fascist mantra. After Lenins death in 1924, this logic culminated in 1925 with Stalins creative development of Marxism: Socialism in One Country, a national socialism by any other name. Mussolini suspected that Stalin might be abandoning true Communism. This, it seemed, might provide economic advantages to Italy, and to Mussolini it made sense for his country to build ships and planes for the Soviets in exchange for one-third of Italys oil supplies. For him the even more interesting possibility was that Stalin might be the true heir to the tsars and an imperialist with whom Fascism could see eye-to-eye. In 1923, the Duce predicted, Tomorrow there will not be an imperialism with a socialist mark, but . . . [Russia] will return to the path of its old imperialism with a panslavic mark. Mussolini convinced himself that Russian Communism was proving to be less revolutionary than was Fascism. The Duce and some of his followers considered it possible that the two movements were moving together closely enough as to be no longer easily distinguishable. Even dedicated Fascist party workers such as Dino Grandi, Mussolinis foreign minister from 1928 to 1932, early recognized Fascisms affinities with Lenins Bolshevism. He had taken at least part of his own intellectual inspiration from revolutionary syndicalism, and in 1914 he had talked of the First World War as a class struggle between nations. Six years later, Grandi argued that socialists had failed to understand the simple reality of what was happening in revolutionary Russia. The Bolshevik Revolution had been nothing less than the struggle of an underdeveloped and proletarian nation against the more advanced capitalist states. Not only Fascists made this sort of analysis. Torquato Nanni, a revolutionary Marxist socialist and an early acquaintance of Mussolini, as early as 1922 had anticipated these developments. He analyzed the common economic foundations of Fascism and Bolshevism, which produced the related strategic, tactical, and institutional features of these two mass-mobilizing, developmental revolutions. Both, he wrote, had assumed the bourgeois responsibilities of industrializing backward economies and defending the nation-state, the necessary vehicle for progress. Lev Trotsky, the organizer of the October Revolution, consistently, even mulishly, argued that Fascism was a mass movement growing organically out of the collapse of capitalism. He also rejected all notions of any sort of national Communism. Nonetheless, he too recognized a certain involution. Stalinism and Fascism, he said, in spite of a deep difference in social foundations, are symmetrical phenomena. In many of their features they show a deadly similarity. A victorious revolutionary movement in Europe would immediately shake not only fascism, but Soviet Bonapartism. (that is, Stalinism) He, however, refused to go as far as his sometime ally, Bruno Rizzi, who later argued that the assumption of similar developmental and autarchic responsibilities could only generate social and ideological convergence. He lamented, that which Fascism consciously sought, [the Soviet Union] involuntarily constructed. For him, the governments of Stalin, Mussolini, Hitler, and even Roosevelt were lurching toward a global system of bureaucratic collectivism, a new form of class domination. Fascist theoreticians agreed with such convergence notions. By 1925, Panunzio claimed that Fascism and Bolshevism shared crucial similarities. Fascists noted that the Soviets had created an armed, authoritarian, anti-liberal state, which had mobilized and disciplined the masses to the service of intensive internal development. The supreme state generated and allocated resources, articulated and administered interests, and assumed and exercised paramount pedagogical functions. Thus, while the first Fascists were formulating the rationale for a mass-mobilizing, developmental, authoritarian, hierarchical, anti-liberal, and statist program guided by a charismatic leader, events had forced the Bolsheviks along the same course. Both intended to create a modern, autarchic, industrial system, which would insure political and economic independence for what had been an underdeveloped national community. With forced industrialization and state capitalism, the Soviets hoped to bring Russia all the benefits of bourgeois modernization. In the face of required austerity, to mobilize their respective populations, the Communists and Fascists alike supplemented economic incentives with pageantry, ritual, ceremony, and parades. All this, coupled with territorial aggression, completed a compelling picture of systemic symmetry. III. CONCLUSION I have presented three diverse examples of the impact of the Russian Revolution on subsequent history. There are other potential examples. I find it interesting that events so crucial to the twentieth century, now seem to be fading so rapidly in their influence. One real benefit of examining the Communist Revolution within the larger question of how best to develop is that the Revolution loses its sense of seminal criticality. For all the pathos surrounding the effort, it becomes just another interesting attempt at rapid development-a failed attempt at that. While I would happily argue that Marx still has relevance for us today, especially in his critique of capitalism if not particularly in his solutions, clearly Lenin and Stalin no longer do.

Payroll System Implementation Essay -- Payroll Software Technology

Payroll System Implementation Missing Images This report will first examine the Testing Process Summary. This will include a definitive test plan which will identify the major functions of the systems software and hardware to be tested as well as the required system outcomes. Secondly, the installation process and training plan summary will be identified. For this portion of the writing, a Gantt chart will be used to identify the steps and related resources needed to implement the system. A narrative explanation that will discuss the impacts of time and conversion will be included. A description of the training plan will also be outlined. The third section of this writing will summarize the company documentation plan. This will include the identification and explanation of all forms of documentation used throughout the project. The chosen documentation for the technical and user sides of the system will be identified. Lastly, the company support and maintenance plan will be summarized. This plan will outline the chose n software, hardware and networks in regards to the responsibilities of each area. The related resources necessary to properly support and maintain the system will also be identified. Testing Process Summary Testing is a required portion of the implementation phase. It is useful in ensuring a quality system is installed. A well-defined plan, known as a Master Test Plan (University of Phoenix, 2002, section 4), should be developed to make sure all system attributes have been tested. The Mobile Meds test plan will test the database, the accounting interface, the employee webpage, and the upload of paycheck information to the bank. Unit testing will be completed on each of the system components. Mo... ...n outlined the chosen software, hardware and networks in regards to the responsibilities of each. The related resources necessary to properly support and maintain the system were also identified. This is perhaps the most important part of the project as it serves as an investment protection policy for the company. It ensures not only that the project implementation is done, but also demonstrates the lengths the company is willing to go to properly implement new projects. Mobile Meds Payroll System Installation Schedule Reference University of Phoenix. (Ed.). (2002). Introduction to business systems development. [University of Phoenix Custom Edition e-text]. Boston: Pearson Custom Publishing. Retrieved January 16, 2005, from University of Phoenix, Resource, BSA/375Ââ€"Business Systems Analysis website: https://mycampus.phoenix.edu/secure/resource/resource.asp

Experiments in Art and Technology Essay

â€Å"The new interface I will define is one in which the artist makes active use of the inventiveness and skills of an engineer to achieve his purpose. The artist could not complete his intentions without the help of an engineer. The artist incorporates the work of the engineer in the painting or the sculpture or the performance. † what a perfect synergy! Introduction ‘Experiments in Art and technology’ (E. A. T. ) is an aged non profit making and tax exempted organization instituted as far back as 1966 by renounced engineers and artists. The engineers included the persons of Billy Kluver and Fred Waldhauer, while the artists, the persons of Robert Rauschenberg and Robert Whitman. Experiments in Art and Technology was pioneered from the experience of a popular work titled – ‘9 Evenings: Theatre and Engineering’. The notable event was of the 69th ‘Regiment Armory in new York City, United State of America† (October 1966). About 40 engineers and 10 popular artists symbiotically worked together to put up an engineered and equally artistic performances. With the works of E. A. T. , artists and engineers’ relationships have received huge boost, thereby stimulating the willingness and participation of industries in artistic events. Companies’ cooperation through sponsorship is one of the achievements of E. A. T. There was fast expression of interest in the group over the space of time. Three years after the inauguration of Experiments in Art and Technology, the organization recorded over 4,200 memberships of diversified artists and engineers all around the United States of America, South America, Japan, Canada and every other interested industry all over the world. Through the process towards achieving the aim of E. A. T. , there was a local program within the group named the Technical Services Program. This program enhanced the effective collaboration of artists working hand-in-hand with engineers on a specific assignment/project. This was made possible by a deliberate effort at pinning suitable artists with appropriate engineers for synergic results. The program also assisted the collaborators in reaching out to industries and corporate-business communities in meeting the needs to accomplish outstanding project. Furthermore, E. A. T. commissioned inter-field projects and events which were anchored by artists involving the use of new technological woks. Some of the projects included the earlier mentioned ‘9 Evenings: Theatre and Engineering† in 1966’, ‘Some More Beginning in 1968’ – the later happened to mark the start of ‘exhibition of art and technology. The exhibition was held at a museum in Brooklyn. Included in the list of the project was the â€Å"artist-engineer collaborations to design and program the Pepsi Pavilion at Expo 70 in Osaka, Japan. † Picture showing First meeting of E. A. T. in November 1966 The Story of Experiments in Art and Technology When Andy Warhol was trying to create floating light bulbs, he asked Billy Kluver for his kind assistance. Kluver, who was an engineer working at Bell Laboratories in New Jersey, rejected the plea but instead promised to offer him a wrapper usually use to wrap sandwiches, the material is silvery. Warhol fashioned the material into a rectangular object called Mylar today. Injecting Helium into this Mylar created a floating funhouse mirrors in 1966. This example of collaboration between artists and scientists was a motivation to forming Experiments in Art and Technology (E. A. T. ). The artist-engineer collaboration in E. A. T. was formalized at the event of â€Å"9 Evenings; Theatre and Engineering†, (Oct. 1966, in New York). The program exposed audience to â€Å"state-of-the-art performances and music† from about 50 artists and engineers. Technology electrified things in an appreciable ways, e. g. â€Å"Dancers tripped light switches by moving their legs past photo-cells, and a tennis game was amplified through microphones in the rackets. The compliment received was overwhelming reflecting the need for engineers in artistic works. E. A. T. was then established in November, and by the early ’70s it had already absorbed networks of over 6,000 members. â€Å"Throughout the lifespan of E. A. T. , affiliated groups produced over 500 artworks; most common was the body-oriented performance or supercharged minimalist sculpture. One of the most memorable projects commissioned was the Pepsi Pavilion of Expo 1970 Osaka. There, over 60 artists and engineers contributed to the interactive exhibits inside the futuristic dome† The Pepsi Pavilion at Expo ’70 Osaka with Fujiko Nakaya’s mist shroud Aims and objectives of E. A. T. The non profit making organization was vibrant primarily within the two decades of its institution in 1966 by Billy Kluver, Fred waldhauer, Robert Rauschenberg and Robert Whitman. It was carved out of the need to ‘mobilize the ingredients of arts, industry and science around collective projects, calling the participation from different disciplines. E. A. T. also aimed at encouraging the technical harmony towards the realization of new means of expressing arts using modern technological equipment such as computer-made images, sounds, video, (audiovisual), manufacturing materials and robotics. To start with, ‘Experiments in Art and Technology’ brought artists and engineers together to enlighten the participants in order to accustom them with â€Å"tele-writing and satellite transmission using telecommunication technology†. In addition, E. A. T. aimed at giving the developing countries around an ease of Communication Bridge through certain project assignments. In pursuance of these goals, E. A. T. began opening annexes in the US, Canada and Japan. Other Projects Projects realized at the advent of interdisciplinary included: The Anand Project of 1969, this project aided educational television whereby public spaces were linked together to facilitate interactions irrespective of the distance apart. Through this, different countries all around the world can exchange disturbing questions even about a common uncertainty. For example, â€Å"Anand Dairy Cooperative in Baroda (India); Telex: Q&A (1971), which linked public spaces in New York (U. S. ), Ahmadabad (India), Tokyo (Japan) and Stockholm (Sweden) by telex† Still among the projects is the ‘Children and Communication in 1972’this particular project piloted the enabling of children within the suburb of New York City, to exchange conversation with telex, telephone and fax machine. Also, in El Salvador is a project to fashion out methods for storing culture and tradition in the region (1973). Collection of E. A. T. ’s Published Documents Detailing the activities of Experiments in Art and Technology in 1980; over 400 documents were stored in archive ranging from information bulletins, exhibition catalogues, periodicals, photocopies of press clippings, proposals, lectures, announcements newsletters reprints of major articles, among others. The archive was deposited at major libraries in New York, Moscow of Russia, Washington in U. S., Paris in France et cetera. The archive was aimed at monument the reflection of E. A. T. ’s wide geographical tentacle with technical and artistic diversity. Technical Service Program (1966-1973) Technical service program (TSP), founded as a subgroup in mid 60s, permits specialist in art and engineering to collaborate with the aim of meeting the artist’s technological needs without interruption in the team projected design and developmental stages. Highly technical projects were accomplished with this partnership. This collaboration was publicized when E. A. T. group came up with EAT News that announced projects at different stages of completion. Still, was the periodic public forum held on upcoming technologies such as ‘lasers and holography. ’ The TSP came to an end in 1973 Technical Information (1966) This program provided consulting services for artists. The service provisions included ‘technical libraries’ for artists in New York and telephone assistance line operated by engineers from E. A. T. offices. The library collection features documented activities of EAT from ‘60s to ‘80s. More on â€Å"9 Evenings: Theatre and Engineering† (1966-2005) These were series of events that catapulted performances of artists and engineers working in unison as an E. A. T. group. The performances broke down inter-relationship barrier. It went does: Billy kluver and Robert Rauschenberg requested the working relation of 30-man engineer at Bell Laboratories, seeking their involvement in an inter-disciplinary project where avant-garde theatre, dance and new technologies were blended together. The artists involved were John Cage, Lucinda Childs, Oyvind Fahlstrom, Alex Hay, Deborah Hay, Steve Paxton, Yvonne Rainer, Robert Rauschenberg, David Tudor and Robert Whitman. These artists were paired with engineers to produce technical components on the podium used by the participants. It was indeed a break through adventure in the field of Art and technology. Billy Kluver, farther of ‘Experiments in Art and technology’ Reference http://www. fondation-langlois. org/html/e/page. php? NumPage=306 The Man Who Made a Match of Technology and Art

I Volunteered At Chiefland Elementary School - 863 Words

â€Å"Service Learning Project† I volunteered at Chiefland Elementary School, under Ms. Sidorenko’s supervision. After doing my twenty hours of volunteering at Chiefland Elementary School, I have gained new knowledge on how religion works in schools. If you grew up in a small town area like I did, you would know that religion around here is not a touchy subject with many people. Many faculty administrators who work in the school system happen to be Baptists or Christians. Therefore, people are able to throw in religious assessments here and there without getting into too much trouble. In this case, at this school, everyone goes to the same church or partners with each other’s churches. Before I go on, let me just say, even though I am a Christian, I think that religion shouldn’t be a topic talked during school hours. My reasoning for this is because children are there to get an education and to learn about the world around them. Teachers barely have enough time to teach the concepts that are ma ndatory, if we add religion it will just offend students and teachers won’t be able to get their job done. Now that society is changing and is starting to accept individuals more, I have noticed this school is having a hard time accepting that. My experiences during this time was very interesting. I got to work with children of all ages and racial backgrounds. I was able to grade papers with other educators and able to work with students when they needed help. The thing I found most